A new species of the genus Encyclia, endemic to Cuba, is described and illustrated. Encyclia bocourtii is closely related to E. fucata, from which it is distinguished by the size of flower segments, almost double in lenght, and the lateral lobes shorter than the midlobe and not reflexed at apex. The new species also resembles the sympatric E. acutifolia, but it can be distinguished from it by the lateral lobes of the lip, shorter than the mid-lobe, and the non-replicate midlobe.